Directions: Mark the
blank on your answer sheet for the response that best completes the statement
or answers the question.
1.
Sedimentary
Rocks __________.
a.
may
contain fossils
b.
hold
important clues to Earth’s history
c.
are
layered
d.
may
be economically important
e.
all
of the above
2.
Detrital
or clastic sedimentary rocks are classified (named) primarily on the basis of
a.
color.
b.
type
of bonding.
c.
mineral
composition.
d.
particle
size.
3.
When
sandstone contains appreciable quantities of feldspar, the rock is called
a.
limestone
b.
breccia
c.
coquina
d.
travertine
e.
arkose
4.
Which
rock type is associated with a high-energy environment (such as a very
turbulent stream)?
a.
conglomerate
b.
shale
c.
both
conglomerate and shale
d.
neither
conglomerate nor shale
5.
Which
pair of minerals is most common in detrital or clastic sedimentary rocks?
a.
quartz
and olivine
b.
calcite
and clay
c.
halite
and feldspar
d.
clay
and quartz
e.
dolomite
and gypsum
6.
Detrital
or clastic sediments would be predominant in all of the following environments
except a
a.
swamp
b.
salt
flat
c.
river
floodplain
d.
delta
7.
Compaction
would probably be most significant as a lithification process for
a.
shale.
b.
sandstone.
c.
conglomerate.
d.
chert.
e.
breccia.
8.
Sedimentary
rocks account for about ____ percent of rock exposures on the continents.
a.
5
b.
20
c.
35
d.
50
e.
75
9.
The
most abundant chemical sedimentary rock is
a.
limestone
b.
dolomite
c.
chert
d.
rock
salt
e.
sylvite
10. Which of the following lists presents
forms of coal in the correct order from the lowest grade to the highest grade?
a.
lignite,
bituminous, anthracite
b.
bituminous,
anthracite, lignite
c.
anthracite,
lignite, bituminous
d.
lignite,
anthracite, bituminous
e.
anthracite,
bituminous, lignite
11. Which of the following is not a
process whereby sediment is lithified into solid sedimentary rock?
a.
compaction
b.
foliation
c.
cementation
12. Which of the following minerals is
rapidly transformed by chemical weathering?
a.
feldspar
b.
quartz
c.
clay
d.
hematite
13. Common detrital or clastic sedimentary
rocks, in order of increasing particle size, are
a.
shale,
sandstone, conglomerate.
b.
sandstone,
shale, conglomerate.
c.
conglomerate,
shale, sandstone.
d.
sandstone,
conglomerate, shale.
e.
shale,
conglomerate, sandstone.
14. A black shale is black because it
contains abundant
a.
clay.
b.
hematite.
c.
sulfur.
d.
carbon.
e.
silica.
15. A sedimentary rock that is made of
clay and breaks into chunks or blocks is called
a.
shale
b.
blockstone
c.
siltstone
d.
mudstone
e.
sandstone
16. The degree of similarity in particle
size in a sedimentary rock is referred to as
a.
sorting.
b.
porosity.
c.
rounding.
d.
permeability.
e.
none
of the above.
17. Which origin of limestone is by far
the most common?
a.
inorganic
b.
detrital
(clastic)
c.
marine
biochemical
d.
evaporate
e.
none
of the above.
18. When a sedimentary rock consists of
angular, gravel-sized particles, it is called
a.
mudstone
b.
conglomerate
c.
coquina
d.
breccia
e.
sandstone
19. Rounded grains in a sedimentary rock
likely indicate transportation by
a.
glaciers.
b.
wind.
c.
either
a or b.
d.
water.
e.
either
b or d.
20. The most abundant sedimentary rock is
a.
sandstone.
b.
limestone.
c.
siltstone.
d.
conglomerate.
e.
shale.
21. When the particles within a single
sedimentary layer gradually change from coarse at the bottom to fine at the
top, the layer exhibits a type of bedding called _______ bedding.
a.
ripple
b.
regular
c.
angular
d.
graded
e.
selective
22. Earth materials that are not used as
fuels or processed for the metals they contain are referred to as _______
mineral resources.
a.
exceptional
b.
essential
c.
nonmetallic
d.
secondary
e.
chemical
23. If the particles in a rock are
composed from shell fragments the rock is called
a.
sandstone.
b.
conglomerate.
c.
siltstone.
d.
breccia.
e.
coquina.
24. Separating sedimentary strata are ________, flat surfaces along
which rocks tend to separate or break.
a.
contour
planes
b.
sills
c.
cleavage
surfaces
d.
inclusions
e.
bedding
planes
25. ______ is a soft, porous sedimentary
rock made up almost entirely of the hard parts of microscopic marine organisms
no larger than the head of a pin.
a.
Claystone
b.
Breccia
c.
Travertine
d.
Shale
e.
Chalk